Common Nail Problems
Nails are made of keratin protein, the same protein that is found in skin cells. New nail cells are formed in the matrix, which is located under the lanula, which is the half moon shaped area at the cuticle end of our nail. The matrix produces new cells and as they grow out, and the older cells are pushed forward to form a visible nail. As we grow older the incidence of nail problems rises. Much of this is due to weaker circulation at our extremities but also as a result of thickening of the nails. Listed below are 5 of the most common nail problems:
1) White spots on the nail
These are normally caused by trauma, for example by jamming a nail in a door. They are not a cause of concern and will grow out as part of a healthy nail cycle. If the white spots do not seem to be growing out or more appear that are not a result of the injury this could be a sign of another nail problem, such as a nail fungus infection (see below) and it makes sense to see a dermatologist.
2) In-grown toenail
These occur when the corner of the nail grows downwards into the skin. The condition most often affects the big toenail and can be exacerbated by tight shoes, improper nail trimming and a poor stance. In advanced cases, ingrown nails can become infected and very painful.
3) Nail fungus (Onychomycosis)
This condition is more common in the toenails than the fingernails and is thought to affect 12% of North Americans. It is caused when a dermatophyte fungus invades the nail. A yellowish discoloration, nail thickening and loss of texture are the result, eventually spreading to cover the entire nail. Nail fungus treatment is either by topical therapy or by oral medication.
4) Warts and growths
Warts are viral infections that affect the skin. Nail problems occur if the skin under the nail is affected. The wart can interfere with nail growth and eventually destroy the nail. The condition is often very painful and surgery is sometimes necessary. Warts on the skin surrounding the nail can normally be destroyed with freezing or chemicals.
5) Psoriasis (Psoriatic nails)
Psoriasis normally affects the skin to cause red, irritated scaly patches but can also affect nails. The discoloration of the nail that results is reddish or brown in color, the nail becomes rippled and pitted and may eventually crumble or split. Splinter hemorrhages can also form and the skin around the base of the nail often swells up.
